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I am mostly anti-war. However, as St. Augustin once put it, it is the sad duty of just men that they must sometimes fight wars for the sake of justice. Nations have a duty to defend and protect their citizens, their own borders, and their allies. In fact, failure to protect citizens, borders, and allies is a sin.
So how do you determine if a war is just? Philosophers and theologians (though not universally) tend to accept these criteria:
1. In response to an act of aggression. For example, if terrorists bomb the World Trade Center, then we are entirely justified in finding those responsible and neutralizing them. The act of aggression can be committed against the nation in question or against its allies, as the case with Gulf War I (but not Gulf War II).
2. The responsive retaliation cannot exceed that which would be justified by the act of aggression. For example, mass genocide would be an entirely inappropriate response to a simple border skirmish. (Or, at least in my opinion, a full-scale invasion of a sovereign nation would not be justified by a simple refusal to allow for weapons inspection; however, bombing a suspect weapons facility might be).
3. The intended purpose of warfare must have in mind the objective of restoring peace, and that objective must be reasonably obtainable. The solution must have the best interest of all involved at heart. Invading a nation because you want to see that nation's leader removed is not in the best interest of peace, particularly when that leader is pretty much powerless to actually threaten you.
4. Preemptive strikes could be justified if there is reasonable assessment of a real direct threat. For example, if, say, Cuba, began amassing missiles and aimed them at the US. However, invading a nation because there is an unverified possibility that they might have weapons is perhaps not justified.
5. There are some who think that a tyrant who treats his people unjustly can be justly overthrown, and that doing so is not only morally justifiable, but in fact necessary for the sake of the oppressed people. But again, the goals must be obtainable. For example, invading China would probably not be terribly smart. But even then, only after diplomatic pressure is given an opportunity to allow the tyrant to reconsider his unjust policies. On the other hand, if the tyrant has no real power to effect large scale oppression (i.e, there are enforced "no-fly" zones imposed by foreign countries), then full-scale war is not really necessary or justified. The governing principle would be whether the greater good for those involved would be served.
The point is, war costs lives. So before a leader commits to fighting a war, he needs to carefully consider the risks and weigh them against the possible benefits. He must not let passion or rage be his impetus, but the common good of both nations. And he must exhaust other options, and war must be his last resort. And once committed, he should apply only the force necessary to achieve his objectives, the first of which should be peace.
While there are some who would disagree with me for saying so, I do not believe Pres. Bush did all this when he committed us to the invasion of Iraq. The possible threat did not justify a full-scale war, and the stated goal of preventing development of WMD's could have been accomplished with much less force (I think a few well-placed smart bombs on one or two facilities would have done for a start--if Saddam refused to relent, we could have escalated the force until the appropriate level achieved our goals). But now that we are committed, we cannot simply withdraw: we have an obligation to the Iraqi people to repair the damage from the current conflict.
I felt that Mr. Bush allowed his passion and rage (particularly over 911) to drive him to act with more force than necessary to accomplish our goals, and to target Saddam personally. It wasn't about protecting the US from foreign attack, but about destroying that nation's government, and humiliating its leader. Did Saddam deserve it? Most definitely. But I feel like we lost the moral high ground in all this. But that's just me.
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